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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "SMIME 1"
.TH SMIME 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-smime, smime \- S/MIME utility
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBsmime\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
[\fB\-sign\fR]
[\fB\-resign\fR]
[\fB\-verify\fR]
[\fB\-pk7out\fR]
[\fB\-binary\fR]
[\fB\-crlfeol\fR]
[\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR]
[\fB\-in file\fR]
[\fB\-CAfile file\fR]
[\fB\-CApath dir\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CApath\fR]
[\fB\-attime timestamp\fR]
[\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check_all\fR]
[\fB\-explicit_policy\fR]
[\fB\-extended_crl\fR]
[\fB\-ignore_critical\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_any\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_map\fR]
[\fB\-partial_chain\fR]
[\fB\-policy arg\fR]
[\fB\-policy_check\fR]
[\fB\-policy_print\fR]
[\fB\-purpose purpose\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128_only\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_192\fR]
[\fB\-trusted_first\fR]
[\fB\-no_alt_chains\fR]
[\fB\-use_deltas\fR]
[\fB\-auth_level num\fR]
[\fB\-verify_depth num\fR]
[\fB\-verify_email email\fR]
[\fB\-verify_hostname hostname\fR]
[\fB\-verify_ip ip\fR]
[\fB\-verify_name name\fR]
[\fB\-x509_strict\fR]
[\fB\-certfile file\fR]
[\fB\-signer file\fR]
[\fB\-recip  file\fR]
[\fB\-inform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
[\fB\-inkey file_or_id\fR]
[\fB\-out file\fR]
[\fB\-outform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-content file\fR]
[\fB\-to addr\fR]
[\fB\-from ad\fR]
[\fB\-subject s\fR]
[\fB\-text\fR]
[\fB\-indef\fR]
[\fB\-noindef\fR]
[\fB\-stream\fR]
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
[\fB\-md digest\fR]
[cert.pem]...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBsmime\fR command handles S/MIME mail. It can encrypt, decrypt, sign and
verify S/MIME messages.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
There are six operation options that set the type of operation to be performed.
The meaning of the other options varies according to the operation type.
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-encrypt"
Encrypt mail for the given recipient certificates. Input file is the message
to be encrypted. The output file is the encrypted mail in \s-1MIME\s0 format.
.Sp
Note that no revocation check is done for the recipient cert, so if that
key has been compromised, others may be able to decrypt the text.
.IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-decrypt"
Decrypt mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Expects an
encrypted mail message in \s-1MIME\s0 format for the input file. The decrypted mail
is written to the output file.
.IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4
.IX Item "-sign"
Sign mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Input file is
the message to be signed. The signed message in \s-1MIME\s0 format is written
to the output file.
.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify"
Verify signed mail. Expects a signed mail message on input and outputs
the signed data. Both clear text and opaque signing is supported.
.IP "\fB\-pk7out\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pk7out"
Takes an input message and writes out a \s-1PEM\s0 encoded PKCS#7 structure.
.IP "\fB\-resign\fR" 4
.IX Item "-resign"
Resign a message: take an existing message and one or more new signers.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
The input message to be encrypted or signed or the \s-1MIME\s0 message to
be decrypted or verified.
.IP "\fB\-inform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inform SMIME|PEM|DER"
This specifies the input format for the PKCS#7 structure. The default
is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR which reads an S/MIME format message. \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format change this to expect \s-1PEM\s0 and \s-1DER\s0 format PKCS#7 structures
instead. This currently only affects the input format of the PKCS#7
structure, if no PKCS#7 structure is being input (for example with
\&\fB\-encrypt\fR or \fB\-sign\fR) this option has no effect.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
The message text that has been decrypted or verified or the output \s-1MIME\s0
format message that has been signed or verified.
.IP "\fB\-outform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-outform SMIME|PEM|DER"
This specifies the output format for the PKCS#7 structure. The default
is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR which write an S/MIME format message. \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format change this to write \s-1PEM\s0 and \s-1DER\s0 format PKCS#7 structures
instead. This currently only affects the output format of the PKCS#7
structure, if no PKCS#7 structure is being output (for example with
\&\fB\-verify\fR or \fB\-decrypt\fR) this option has no effect.
.IP "\fB\-stream \-indef \-noindef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-stream -indef -noindef"
The \fB\-stream\fR and \fB\-indef\fR options are equivalent and enable streaming I/O
for encoding operations. This permits single pass processing of data without
the need to hold the entire contents in memory, potentially supporting very
large files. Streaming is automatically set for S/MIME signing with detached
data if the output format is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR it is currently off by default for all
other operations.
.IP "\fB\-noindef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noindef"
Disable streaming I/O where it would produce and indefinite length constructed
encoding. This option currently has no effect. In future streaming will be
enabled by default on all relevant operations and this option will disable it.
.IP "\fB\-content filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-content filename"
This specifies a file containing the detached content, this is only
useful with the \fB\-verify\fR command. This is only usable if the PKCS#7
structure is using the detached signature form where the content is
not included. This option will override any content if the input format
is S/MIME and it uses the multipart/signed \s-1MIME\s0 content type.
.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "-text"
This option adds plain text (text/plain) \s-1MIME\s0 headers to the supplied
message if encrypting or signing. If decrypting or verifying it strips
off text headers: if the decrypted or verified message is not of \s-1MIME\s0
type text/plain then an error occurs.
.IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CAfile file"
A file containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates, only used with \fB\-verify\fR.
.IP "\fB\-CApath dir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CApath dir"
A directory containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates, only used with
\&\fB\-verify\fR. This directory must be a standard certificate directory: that
is a hash of each subject name (using \fBx509 \-hash\fR) should be linked
to each certificate.
.IP "\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CAfile"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default file location.
.IP "\fB\-no\-CApath\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CApath"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default directory location.
.IP "\fB\-md digest\fR" 4
.IX Item "-md digest"
Digest algorithm to use when signing or resigning. If not present then the
default digest algorithm for the signing key will be used (usually \s-1SHA1\s0).
.IP "\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cipher"
The encryption algorithm to use. For example \s-1DES\s0  (56 bits) \- \fB\-des\fR,
triple \s-1DES\s0 (168 bits) \- \fB\-des3\fR,
\&\fBEVP_get_cipherbyname()\fR function) can also be used preceded by a dash, for
example \fB\-aes\-128\-cbc\fR. See \fBenc\fR for list of ciphers
supported by your version of OpenSSL.
.Sp
If not specified triple \s-1DES\s0 is used. Only used with \fB\-encrypt\fR.
.IP "\fB\-nointern\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nointern"
When verifying a message normally certificates (if any) included in
the message are searched for the signing certificate. With this option
only the certificates specified in the \fB\-certfile\fR option are used.
The supplied certificates can still be used as untrusted CAs however.
.IP "\fB\-noverify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noverify"
Do not verify the signers certificate of a signed message.
.IP "\fB\-nochain\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nochain"
Do not do chain verification of signers certificates: that is don't
use the certificates in the signed message as untrusted CAs.
.IP "\fB\-nosigs\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nosigs"
Don't try to verify the signatures on the message.
.IP "\fB\-nocerts\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nocerts"
When signing a message the signer's certificate is normally included
with this option it is excluded. This will reduce the size of the
signed message but the verifier must have a copy of the signers certificate
available locally (passed using the \fB\-certfile\fR option for example).
.IP "\fB\-noattr\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noattr"
Normally when a message is signed a set of attributes are included which
include the signing time and supported symmetric algorithms. With this
option they are not included.
.IP "\fB\-binary\fR" 4
.IX Item "-binary"
Normally the input message is converted to \*(L"canonical\*(R" format which is
effectively using \s-1CR\s0 and \s-1LF\s0 as end of line: as required by the S/MIME
specification. When this option is present no translation occurs. This
is useful when handling binary data which may not be in \s-1MIME\s0 format.
.IP "\fB\-crlfeol\fR" 4
.IX Item "-crlfeol"
Normally the output file uses a single \fB\s-1LF\s0\fR as end of line. When this
option is present \fB\s-1CRLF\s0\fR is used instead.
.IP "\fB\-nodetach\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nodetach"
When signing a message use opaque signing: this form is more resistant
to translation by mail relays but it cannot be read by mail agents that
do not support S/MIME.  Without this option cleartext signing with
the \s-1MIME\s0 type multipart/signed is used.
.IP "\fB\-certfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-certfile file"
Allows additional certificates to be specified. When signing these will
be included with the message. When verifying these will be searched for
the signers certificates. The certificates should be in \s-1PEM\s0 format.
.IP "\fB\-signer file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-signer file"
A signing certificate when signing or resigning a message, this option can be
used multiple times if more than one signer is required. If a message is being
verified then the signers certificates will be written to this file if the
verification was successful.
.IP "\fB\-recip file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-recip file"
The recipients certificate when decrypting a message. This certificate
must match one of the recipients of the message or an error occurs.
.IP "\fB\-inkey file_or_id\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inkey file_or_id"
The private key to use when signing or decrypting. This must match the
corresponding certificate. If this option is not specified then the
private key must be included in the certificate file specified with
the \fB\-recip\fR or \fB\-signer\fR file. When signing this option can be used
multiple times to specify successive keys.
If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
.IX Item "-passin arg"
The private key password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
.IP "\fB\-rand file...\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rand file..."
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
generator.
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for
all others.
.IP "[\fB\-writerand file\fR]" 4
.IX Item "[-writerand file]"
Writes random data to the specified \fIfile\fR upon exit.
This can be used with a subsequent \fB\-rand\fR flag.
.IP "\fBcert.pem...\fR" 4
.IX Item "cert.pem..."
One or more certificates of message recipients: used when encrypting
a message.
.IP "\fB\-to, \-from, \-subject\fR" 4
.IX Item "-to, -from, -subject"
The relevant mail headers. These are included outside the signed
portion of a message so they may be included manually. If signing
then many S/MIME mail clients check the signers certificate's email
address matches that specified in the From: address.
.IP "\fB\-attime\fR, \fB\-check_ss_sig\fR, \fB\-crl_check\fR, \fB\-crl_check_all\fR, \fB\-explicit_policy\fR, \fB\-extended_crl\fR, \fB\-ignore_critical\fR, \fB\-inhibit_any\fR, \fB\-inhibit_map\fR, \fB\-no_alt_chains\fR, \fB\-partial_chain\fR, \fB\-policy\fR, \fB\-policy_check\fR, \fB\-policy_print\fR, \fB\-purpose\fR, \fB\-suiteB_128\fR, \fB\-suiteB_128_only\fR, \fB\-suiteB_192\fR, \fB\-trusted_first\fR, \fB\-use_deltas\fR, \fB\-auth_level\fR, \fB\-verify_depth\fR, \fB\-verify_email\fR, \fB\-verify_hostname\fR, \fB\-verify_ip\fR, \fB\-verify_name\fR, \fB\-x509_strict\fR" 4
.IX Item "-attime, -check_ss_sig, -crl_check, -crl_check_all, -explicit_policy, -extended_crl, -ignore_critical, -inhibit_any, -inhibit_map, -no_alt_chains, -partial_chain, -policy, -policy_check, -policy_print, -purpose, -suiteB_128, -suiteB_128_only, -suiteB_192, -trusted_first, -use_deltas, -auth_level, -verify_depth, -verify_email, -verify_hostname, -verify_ip, -verify_name, -x509_strict"
Set various options of certificate chain verification. See
\&\fBverify\fR\|(1) manual page for details.
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
The \s-1MIME\s0 message must be sent without any blank lines between the
headers and the output. Some mail programs will automatically add
a blank line. Piping the mail directly to sendmail is one way to
achieve the correct format.
.PP
The supplied message to be signed or encrypted must include the
necessary \s-1MIME\s0 headers or many S/MIME clients won't display it
properly (if at all). You can use the \fB\-text\fR option to automatically
add plain text headers.
.PP
A \*(L"signed and encrypted\*(R" message is one where a signed message is
then encrypted. This can be produced by encrypting an already signed
message: see the examples section.
.PP
This version of the program only allows one signer per message but it
will verify multiple signers on received messages. Some S/MIME clients
choke if a message contains multiple signers. It is possible to sign
messages \*(L"in parallel\*(R" by signing an already signed message.
.PP
The options \fB\-encrypt\fR and \fB\-decrypt\fR reflect common usage in S/MIME
clients. Strictly speaking these process PKCS#7 enveloped data: PKCS#7
encrypted data is used for other purposes.
.PP
The \fB\-resign\fR option uses an existing message digest when adding a new
signer. This means that attributes must be present in at least one existing
signer using the same message digest or this operation will fail.
.PP
The \fB\-stream\fR and \fB\-indef\fR options enable streaming I/O support.
As a result the encoding is \s-1BER\s0 using indefinite length constructed encoding
and no longer \s-1DER.\s0 Streaming is supported for the \fB\-encrypt\fR operation and the
\&\fB\-sign\fR operation if the content is not detached.
.PP
Streaming is always used for the \fB\-sign\fR operation with detached data but
since the content is no longer part of the PKCS#7 structure the encoding
remains \s-1DER.\s0
.SH "EXIT CODES"
.IX Header "EXIT CODES"
.IP "0" 4
The operation was completely successfully.
.IP "1" 4
.IX Item "1"
An error occurred parsing the command options.
.IP "2" 4
.IX Item "2"
One of the input files could not be read.
.IP "3" 4
.IX Item "3"
An error occurred creating the PKCS#7 file or when reading the \s-1MIME\s0
message.
.IP "4" 4
.IX Item "4"
An error occurred decrypting or verifying the message.
.IP "5" 4
.IX Item "5"
The message was verified correctly but an error occurred writing out
the signers certificates.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
Create a cleartext signed message:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create an opaque signed message:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \-nodetach \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create a signed message, include some additional certificates and
read the private key from another file:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in in.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem \-inkey mykey.pem \-certfile mycerts.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create a signed message with two signers:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem \-signer othercert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Send a signed message under Unix directly to sendmail, including headers:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in in.txt \-text \-signer mycert.pem \e
\&        \-from steve@openssl.org \-to someone@somewhere \e
\&        \-subject "Signed message" | sendmail someone@somewhere
.Ve
.PP
Verify a message and extract the signer's certificate if successful:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-verify \-in mail.msg \-signer user.pem \-out signedtext.txt
.Ve
.PP
Send encrypted mail using triple \s-1DES:\s0
.PP
.Vb 3
\& openssl smime \-encrypt \-in in.txt \-from steve@openssl.org \e
\&        \-to someone@somewhere \-subject "Encrypted message" \e
\&        \-des3 user.pem \-out mail.msg
.Ve
.PP
Sign and encrypt mail:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& openssl smime \-sign \-in ml.txt \-signer my.pem \-text \e
\&        | openssl smime \-encrypt \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-from steve@openssl.org \-to someone@somewhere \e
\&        \-subject "Signed and Encrypted message" \-des3 user.pem
.Ve
.PP
Note: the encryption command does not include the \fB\-text\fR option because the
message being encrypted already has \s-1MIME\s0 headers.
.PP
Decrypt mail:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-decrypt \-in mail.msg \-recip mycert.pem \-inkey key.pem
.Ve
.PP
The output from Netscape form signing is a PKCS#7 structure with the
detached signature format. You can use this program to verify the
signature by line wrapping the base64 encoded structure and surrounding
it with:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PKCS7\-\-\-\-\-
\& \-\-\-\-\-END PKCS7\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
and using the command:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-verify \-inform PEM \-in signature.pem \-content content.txt
.Ve
.PP
Alternatively you can base64 decode the signature and use:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-verify \-inform DER \-in signature.der \-content content.txt
.Ve
.PP
Create an encrypted message using 128 bit Camellia:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-encrypt \-in plain.txt \-camellia128 \-out mail.msg cert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Add a signer to an existing message:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl smime \-resign \-in mail.msg \-signer newsign.pem \-out mail2.msg
.Ve
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
The \s-1MIME\s0 parser isn't very clever: it seems to handle most messages that I've
thrown at it but it may choke on others.
.PP
The code currently will only write out the signer's certificate to a file: if
the signer has a separate encryption certificate this must be manually
extracted. There should be some heuristic that determines the correct
encryption certificate.
.PP
Ideally a database should be maintained of a certificates for each email
address.
.PP
The code doesn't currently take note of the permitted symmetric encryption
algorithms as supplied in the SMIMECapabilities signed attribute. This means the
user has to manually include the correct encryption algorithm. It should store
the list of permitted ciphers in a database and only use those.
.PP
No revocation checking is done on the signer's certificate.
.PP
The current code can only handle S/MIME v2 messages, the more complex S/MIME v3
structures may cause parsing errors.
.SH "HISTORY"
.IX Header "HISTORY"
The use of multiple \fB\-signer\fR options and the \fB\-resign\fR command were first
added in OpenSSL 1.0.0
.PP
The \-no_alt_chains option was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
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.el\{\
.    ds -- \|\(em\|
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.    ds C`
.    ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
.        de IX
.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds #H 0
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.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
.    ds : e
.    ds 8 ss
.    ds o a
.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
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.    ds th \o'bp'
.    ds Th \o'LP'
.    ds ae ae
.    ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "SESS_ID 1"
.TH SESS_ID 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-sess_id, sess_id \- SSL/TLS session handling utility
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBsess_id\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-outform PEM|DER|NSS\fR]
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
[\fB\-text\fR]
[\fB\-noout\fR]
[\fB\-context \s-1ID\s0\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBsess_id\fR process the encoded version of the \s-1SSL\s0 session structure
and optionally prints out \s-1SSL\s0 session details (for example the \s-1SSL\s0 session
master key) in human readable format. Since this is a diagnostic tool that
needs some knowledge of the \s-1SSL\s0 protocol to use properly, most users will
not need to use it.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM"
This specifies the input format. The \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR option uses an \s-1ASN1 DER\s0 encoded
format containing session details. The precise format can vary from one version
to the next.  The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR form is the default format: it consists of the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format base64 encoded with additional header and footer lines.
.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM|NSS\fR" 4
.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM|NSS"
This specifies the output format. The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR options have the same meaning
and default as the \fB\-inform\fR option. The \fB\s-1NSS\s0\fR option outputs the session id and
the master key in \s-1NSS\s0 keylog format.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
This specifies the input filename to read session information from or standard
input by default.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
This specifies the output filename to write session information to or standard
output if this option is not specified.
.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "-text"
Prints out the various public or private key components in
plain text in addition to the encoded version.
.IP "\fB\-cert\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cert"
If a certificate is present in the session it will be output using this option,
if the \fB\-text\fR option is also present then it will be printed out in text form.
.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noout"
This option prevents output of the encoded version of the session.
.IP "\fB\-context \s-1ID\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-context ID"
This option can set the session id so the output session information uses the
supplied \s-1ID.\s0 The \s-1ID\s0 can be any string of characters. This option won't normally
be used.
.SH "OUTPUT"
.IX Header "OUTPUT"
Typical output:
.PP
.Vb 10
\& SSL\-Session:
\&     Protocol  : TLSv1
\&     Cipher    : 0016
\&     Session\-ID: 871E62626C554CE95488823752CBD5F3673A3EF3DCE9C67BD916C809914B40ED
\&     Session\-ID\-ctx: 01000000
\&     Master\-Key: A7CEFC571974BE02CAC305269DC59F76EA9F0B180CB6642697A68251F2D2BB57E51DBBB4C7885573192AE9AEE220FACD
\&     Key\-Arg   : None
\&     Start Time: 948459261
\&     Timeout   : 300 (sec)
\&     Verify return code 0 (ok)
.Ve
.PP
These are described below in more detail.
.IP "\fBProtocol\fR" 4
.IX Item "Protocol"
This is the protocol in use TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, TLSv1 or SSLv3.
.IP "\fBCipher\fR" 4
.IX Item "Cipher"
The cipher used this is the actual raw \s-1SSL\s0 or \s-1TLS\s0 cipher code, see the \s-1SSL\s0
or \s-1TLS\s0 specifications for more information.
.IP "\fBSession-ID\fR" 4
.IX Item "Session-ID"
The \s-1SSL\s0 session \s-1ID\s0 in hex format.
.IP "\fBSession-ID-ctx\fR" 4
.IX Item "Session-ID-ctx"
The session \s-1ID\s0 context in hex format.
.IP "\fBMaster-Key\fR" 4
.IX Item "Master-Key"
This is the \s-1SSL\s0 session master key.
.IP "\fBStart Time\fR" 4
.IX Item "Start Time"
This is the session start time represented as an integer in standard
Unix format.
.IP "\fBTimeout\fR" 4
.IX Item "Timeout"
The timeout in seconds.
.IP "\fBVerify return code\fR" 4
.IX Item "Verify return code"
This is the return code when an \s-1SSL\s0 client certificate is verified.
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
The \s-1PEM\s0 encoded session format uses the header and footer lines:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN SSL SESSION PARAMETERS\-\-\-\-\-
\& \-\-\-\-\-END SSL SESSION PARAMETERS\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
Since the \s-1SSL\s0 session output contains the master key it is
possible to read the contents of an encrypted session using this
information. Therefore, appropriate security precautions should be taken if
the information is being output by a \*(L"real\*(R" application. This is however
strongly discouraged and should only be used for debugging purposes.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
The cipher and start time should be printed out in human readable form.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBciphers\fR\|(1), \fBs_server\fR\|(1)
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
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'br\}
.el\{\
.    ds -- \|\(em\|
.    ds PI \(*p
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.    ds R" ''
.    ds C`
.    ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
.        de IX
.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds #H 0
.    ds #V .8m
.    ds #F .3m
.    ds #[ \f1
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.    ds #V .6m
.    ds #F 0
.    ds #[ \&
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.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds ' \&
.    ds ` \&
.    ds ^ \&
.    ds , \&
.    ds ~ ~
.    ds /
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.if t \{\
.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
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.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
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.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
.    ds : e
.    ds 8 ss
.    ds o a
.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
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.    ds ae ae
.    ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "NSEQ 1"
.TH NSEQ 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-nseq, nseq \- create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBnseq\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
[\fB\-toseq\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBnseq\fR command takes a file containing a Netscape certificate
sequence and prints out the certificates contained in it or takes a
file of certificates and converts it into a Netscape certificate
sequence.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
This specifies the input filename to read or standard input if this
option is not specified.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
Specifies the output filename or standard output by default.
.IP "\fB\-toseq\fR" 4
.IX Item "-toseq"
Normally a Netscape certificate sequence will be input and the output
is the certificates contained in it. With the \fB\-toseq\fR option the
situation is reversed: a Netscape certificate sequence is created from
a file of certificates.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
Output the certificates in a Netscape certificate sequence
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl nseq \-in nseq.pem \-out certs.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create a Netscape certificate sequence
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl nseq \-in certs.pem \-toseq \-out nseq.pem
.Ve
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR encoded form uses the same headers and footers as a certificate:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN CERTIFICATE\-\-\-\-\-
\& \-\-\-\-\-END CERTIFICATE\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
A Netscape certificate sequence is a Netscape specific format that can be sent
to browsers as an alternative to the standard PKCS#7 format when several
certificates are sent to the browser: for example during certificate enrollment.
It is used by Netscape certificate server for example.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
This program needs a few more options: like allowing \s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM\s0 input and
output files and allowing multiple certificate files to be used.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
.    ds -- \(*W-
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.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
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.    ds R" ""
.    ds C` ""
.    ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
.    ds -- \|\(em\|
.    ds PI \(*p
.    ds L" ``
.    ds R" ''
.    ds C`
.    ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
.        de IX
.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds #H 0
.    ds #V .8m
.    ds #F .3m
.    ds #[ \f1
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.    ds #V .6m
.    ds #F 0
.    ds #[ \&
.    ds #] \&
.\}
.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds ' \&
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.    ds , \&
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.\}
.if t \{\
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.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
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.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
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.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
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.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
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\{\
.    ds : e
.    ds 8 ss
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.    ds th \o'bp'
.    ds Th \o'LP'
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.    ds Ae AE
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "SESS_ID 1"
.TH SESS_ID 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-sess_id, sess_id \- SSL/TLS session handling utility
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBsess_id\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-outform PEM|DER|NSS\fR]
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
[\fB\-text\fR]
[\fB\-noout\fR]
[\fB\-context \s-1ID\s0\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBsess_id\fR process the encoded version of the \s-1SSL\s0 session structure
and optionally prints out \s-1SSL\s0 session details (for example the \s-1SSL\s0 session
master key) in human readable format. Since this is a diagnostic tool that
needs some knowledge of the \s-1SSL\s0 protocol to use properly, most users will
not need to use it.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM"
This specifies the input format. The \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR option uses an \s-1ASN1 DER\s0 encoded
format containing session details. The precise format can vary from one version
to the next.  The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR form is the default format: it consists of the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format base64 encoded with additional header and footer lines.
.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM|NSS\fR" 4
.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM|NSS"
This specifies the output format. The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR options have the same meaning
and default as the \fB\-inform\fR option. The \fB\s-1NSS\s0\fR option outputs the session id and
the master key in \s-1NSS\s0 keylog format.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
This specifies the input filename to read session information from or standard
input by default.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
This specifies the output filename to write session information to or standard
output if this option is not specified.
.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "-text"
Prints out the various public or private key components in
plain text in addition to the encoded version.
.IP "\fB\-cert\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cert"
If a certificate is present in the session it will be output using this option,
if the \fB\-text\fR option is also present then it will be printed out in text form.
.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noout"
This option prevents output of the encoded version of the session.
.IP "\fB\-context \s-1ID\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-context ID"
This option can set the session id so the output session information uses the
supplied \s-1ID.\s0 The \s-1ID\s0 can be any string of characters. This option won't normally
be used.
.SH "OUTPUT"
.IX Header "OUTPUT"
Typical output:
.PP
.Vb 10
\& SSL\-Session:
\&     Protocol  : TLSv1
\&     Cipher    : 0016
\&     Session\-ID: 871E62626C554CE95488823752CBD5F3673A3EF3DCE9C67BD916C809914B40ED
\&     Session\-ID\-ctx: 01000000
\&     Master\-Key: A7CEFC571974BE02CAC305269DC59F76EA9F0B180CB6642697A68251F2D2BB57E51DBBB4C7885573192AE9AEE220FACD
\&     Key\-Arg   : None
\&     Start Time: 948459261
\&     Timeout   : 300 (sec)
\&     Verify return code 0 (ok)
.Ve
.PP
These are described below in more detail.
.IP "\fBProtocol\fR" 4
.IX Item "Protocol"
This is the protocol in use TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, TLSv1 or SSLv3.
.IP "\fBCipher\fR" 4
.IX Item "Cipher"
The cipher used this is the actual raw \s-1SSL\s0 or \s-1TLS\s0 cipher code, see the \s-1SSL\s0
or \s-1TLS\s0 specifications for more information.
.IP "\fBSession-ID\fR" 4
.IX Item "Session-ID"
The \s-1SSL\s0 session \s-1ID\s0 in hex format.
.IP "\fBSession-ID-ctx\fR" 4
.IX Item "Session-ID-ctx"
The session \s-1ID\s0 context in hex format.
.IP "\fBMaster-Key\fR" 4
.IX Item "Master-Key"
This is the \s-1SSL\s0 session master key.
.IP "\fBStart Time\fR" 4
.IX Item "Start Time"
This is the session start time represented as an integer in standard
Unix format.
.IP "\fBTimeout\fR" 4
.IX Item "Timeout"
The timeout in seconds.
.IP "\fBVerify return code\fR" 4
.IX Item "Verify return code"
This is the return code when an \s-1SSL\s0 client certificate is verified.
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
The \s-1PEM\s0 encoded session format uses the header and footer lines:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN SSL SESSION PARAMETERS\-\-\-\-\-
\& \-\-\-\-\-END SSL SESSION PARAMETERS\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
Since the \s-1SSL\s0 session output contains the master key it is
possible to read the contents of an encrypted session using this
information. Therefore, appropriate security precautions should be taken if
the information is being output by a \*(L"real\*(R" application. This is however
strongly discouraged and should only be used for debugging purposes.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
The cipher and start time should be printed out in human readable form.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBciphers\fR\|(1), \fBs_server\fR\|(1)
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
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.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
.    ds -- \(*W-
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.    ds -- \|\(em\|
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.    ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
.        de IX
.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds #H 0
.    ds #V .8m
.    ds #F .3m
.    ds #[ \f1
.    ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
.    ds #V .6m
.    ds #F 0
.    ds #[ \&
.    ds #] \&
.\}
.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds ' \&
.    ds ` \&
.    ds ^ \&
.    ds , \&
.    ds ~ ~
.    ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
.    ds : e
.    ds 8 ss
.    ds o a
.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
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.    ds Th \o'LP'
.    ds ae ae
.    ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "CMS 1"
.TH CMS 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-cms, cms \- CMS utility
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBcms\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
[\fB\-sign\fR]
[\fB\-verify\fR]
[\fB\-cmsout\fR]
[\fB\-resign\fR]
[\fB\-data_create\fR]
[\fB\-data_out\fR]
[\fB\-digest_create\fR]
[\fB\-digest_verify\fR]
[\fB\-compress\fR]
[\fB\-uncompress\fR]
[\fB\-EncryptedData_encrypt\fR]
[\fB\-sign_receipt\fR]
[\fB\-verify_receipt receipt\fR]
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
[\fB\-inform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-rctform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
[\fB\-outform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-stream \-indef \-noindef\fR]
[\fB\-noindef\fR]
[\fB\-content filename\fR]
[\fB\-text\fR]
[\fB\-noout\fR]
[\fB\-print\fR]
[\fB\-CAfile file\fR]
[\fB\-CApath dir\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CApath\fR]
[\fB\-attime timestamp\fR]
[\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check_all\fR]
[\fB\-explicit_policy\fR]
[\fB\-extended_crl\fR]
[\fB\-ignore_critical\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_any\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_map\fR]
[\fB\-no_check_time\fR]
[\fB\-partial_chain\fR]
[\fB\-policy arg\fR]
[\fB\-policy_check\fR]
[\fB\-policy_print\fR]
[\fB\-purpose purpose\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128_only\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_192\fR]
[\fB\-trusted_first\fR]
[\fB\-no_alt_chains\fR]
[\fB\-use_deltas\fR]
[\fB\-auth_level num\fR]
[\fB\-verify_depth num\fR]
[\fB\-verify_email email\fR]
[\fB\-verify_hostname hostname\fR]
[\fB\-verify_ip ip\fR]
[\fB\-verify_name name\fR]
[\fB\-x509_strict\fR]
[\fB\-md digest\fR]
[\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR]
[\fB\-nointern\fR]
[\fB\-noverify\fR]
[\fB\-nocerts\fR]
[\fB\-noattr\fR]
[\fB\-nosmimecap\fR]
[\fB\-binary\fR]
[\fB\-crlfeol\fR]
[\fB\-asciicrlf\fR]
[\fB\-nodetach\fR]
[\fB\-certfile file\fR]
[\fB\-certsout file\fR]
[\fB\-signer file\fR]
[\fB\-recip file\fR]
[\fB\-keyid\fR]
[\fB\-receipt_request_all\fR]
[\fB\-receipt_request_first\fR]
[\fB\-receipt_request_from emailaddress\fR]
[\fB\-receipt_request_to emailaddress\fR]
[\fB\-receipt_request_print\fR]
[\fB\-secretkey key\fR]
[\fB\-secretkeyid id\fR]
[\fB\-econtent_type type\fR]
[\fB\-inkey file\fR]
[\fB\-keyopt name:parameter\fR]
[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
[\fBcert.pem...\fR]
[\fB\-to addr\fR]
[\fB\-from addr\fR]
[\fB\-subject subj\fR]
[cert.pem]...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBcms\fR command handles S/MIME v3.1 mail. It can encrypt, decrypt, sign and
verify, compress and uncompress S/MIME messages.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
There are fourteen operation options that set the type of operation to be
performed. The meaning of the other options varies according to the operation
type.
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-encrypt"
Encrypt mail for the given recipient certificates. Input file is the message
to be encrypted. The output file is the encrypted mail in \s-1MIME\s0 format. The
actual \s-1CMS\s0 type is <B>EnvelopedData<B>.
.Sp
Note that no revocation check is done for the recipient cert, so if that
key has been compromised, others may be able to decrypt the text.
.IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-decrypt"
Decrypt mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Expects an
encrypted mail message in \s-1MIME\s0 format for the input file. The decrypted mail
is written to the output file.
.IP "\fB\-debug_decrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-debug_decrypt"
This option sets the \fB\s-1CMS_DEBUG_DECRYPT\s0\fR flag. This option should be used
with caution: see the notes section below.
.IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4
.IX Item "-sign"
Sign mail using the supplied certificate and private key. Input file is
the message to be signed. The signed message in \s-1MIME\s0 format is written
to the output file.
.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify"
Verify signed mail. Expects a signed mail message on input and outputs
the signed data. Both clear text and opaque signing is supported.
.IP "\fB\-cmsout\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cmsout"
Takes an input message and writes out a \s-1PEM\s0 encoded \s-1CMS\s0 structure.
.IP "\fB\-resign\fR" 4
.IX Item "-resign"
Resign a message: take an existing message and one or more new signers.
.IP "\fB\-data_create\fR" 4
.IX Item "-data_create"
Create a \s-1CMS\s0 \fBData\fR type.
.IP "\fB\-data_out\fR" 4
.IX Item "-data_out"
\&\fBData\fR type and output the content.
.IP "\fB\-digest_create\fR" 4
.IX Item "-digest_create"
Create a \s-1CMS\s0 \fBDigestedData\fR type.
.IP "\fB\-digest_verify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-digest_verify"
Verify a \s-1CMS\s0 \fBDigestedData\fR type and output the content.
.IP "\fB\-compress\fR" 4
.IX Item "-compress"
Create a \s-1CMS\s0 \fBCompressedData\fR type. OpenSSL must be compiled with \fBzlib\fR
support for this option to work, otherwise it will output an error.
.IP "\fB\-uncompress\fR" 4
.IX Item "-uncompress"
Uncompress a \s-1CMS\s0 \fBCompressedData\fR type and output the content. OpenSSL must be
compiled with \fBzlib\fR support for this option to work, otherwise it will
output an error.
.IP "\fB\-EncryptedData_encrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-EncryptedData_encrypt"
Encrypt content using supplied symmetric key and algorithm using a \s-1CMS\s0
\&\fBEncryptedData\fR type and output the content.
.IP "\fB\-sign_receipt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-sign_receipt"
Generate and output a signed receipt for the supplied message. The input
message \fBmust\fR contain a signed receipt request. Functionality is otherwise
similar to the \fB\-sign\fR operation.
.IP "\fB\-verify_receipt receipt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify_receipt receipt"
Verify a signed receipt in filename \fBreceipt\fR. The input message \fBmust\fR
contain the original receipt request. Functionality is otherwise similar
to the \fB\-verify\fR operation.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
The input message to be encrypted or signed or the message to be decrypted
or verified.
.IP "\fB\-inform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inform SMIME|PEM|DER"
This specifies the input format for the \s-1CMS\s0 structure. The default
is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR which reads an S/MIME format message. \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format change this to expect \s-1PEM\s0 and \s-1DER\s0 format \s-1CMS\s0 structures
instead. This currently only affects the input format of the \s-1CMS\s0
structure, if no \s-1CMS\s0 structure is being input (for example with
\&\fB\-encrypt\fR or \fB\-sign\fR) this option has no effect.
.IP "\fB\-rctform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rctform SMIME|PEM|DER"
Specify the format for a signed receipt for use with the \fB\-receipt_verify\fR
operation.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
The message text that has been decrypted or verified or the output \s-1MIME\s0
format message that has been signed or verified.
.IP "\fB\-outform SMIME|PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-outform SMIME|PEM|DER"
This specifies the output format for the \s-1CMS\s0 structure. The default
is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR which writes an S/MIME format message. \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR
format change this to write \s-1PEM\s0 and \s-1DER\s0 format \s-1CMS\s0 structures
instead. This currently only affects the output format of the \s-1CMS\s0
structure, if no \s-1CMS\s0 structure is being output (for example with
\&\fB\-verify\fR or \fB\-decrypt\fR) this option has no effect.
.IP "\fB\-stream \-indef \-noindef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-stream -indef -noindef"
The \fB\-stream\fR and \fB\-indef\fR options are equivalent and enable streaming I/O
for encoding operations. This permits single pass processing of data without
the need to hold the entire contents in memory, potentially supporting very
large files. Streaming is automatically set for S/MIME signing with detached
data if the output format is \fB\s-1SMIME\s0\fR it is currently off by default for all
other operations.
.IP "\fB\-noindef\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noindef"
Disable streaming I/O where it would produce and indefinite length constructed
encoding. This option currently has no effect. In future streaming will be
enabled by default on all relevant operations and this option will disable it.
.IP "\fB\-content filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-content filename"
This specifies a file containing the detached content, this is only
useful with the \fB\-verify\fR command. This is only usable if the \s-1CMS\s0
structure is using the detached signature form where the content is
not included. This option will override any content if the input format
is S/MIME and it uses the multipart/signed \s-1MIME\s0 content type.
.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
.IX Item "-text"
This option adds plain text (text/plain) \s-1MIME\s0 headers to the supplied
message if encrypting or signing. If decrypting or verifying it strips
off text headers: if the decrypted or verified message is not of \s-1MIME\s0
type text/plain then an error occurs.
.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noout"
For the \fB\-cmsout\fR operation do not output the parsed \s-1CMS\s0 structure. This
is useful when combined with the \fB\-print\fR option or if the syntax of the \s-1CMS\s0
structure is being checked.
.IP "\fB\-print\fR" 4
.IX Item "-print"
For the \fB\-cmsout\fR operation print out all fields of the \s-1CMS\s0 structure. This
is mainly useful for testing purposes.
.IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CAfile file"
A file containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates, only used with \fB\-verify\fR.
.IP "\fB\-CApath dir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CApath dir"
A directory containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates, only used with
\&\fB\-verify\fR. This directory must be a standard certificate directory: that
is a hash of each subject name (using \fBx509 \-hash\fR) should be linked
to each certificate.
.IP "\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CAfile"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default file location
.IP "\fB\-no\-CApath\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CApath"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default directory location
.IP "\fB\-md digest\fR" 4
.IX Item "-md digest"
Digest algorithm to use when signing or resigning. If not present then the
default digest algorithm for the signing key will be used (usually \s-1SHA1\s0).
.IP "\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cipher"
The encryption algorithm to use. For example triple \s-1DES\s0 (168 bits) \- \fB\-des3\fR
or 256 bit \s-1AES\s0 \- \fB\-aes256\fR. Any standard algorithm name (as used by the
\&\fBEVP_get_cipherbyname()\fR function) can also be used preceded by a dash, for
example \fB\-aes\-128\-cbc\fR. See \fBenc\fR\|(1) for a list of ciphers
supported by your version of OpenSSL.
.Sp
If not specified triple \s-1DES\s0 is used. Only used with \fB\-encrypt\fR and
\&\fB\-EncryptedData_create\fR commands.
.IP "\fB\-nointern\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nointern"
When verifying a message normally certificates (if any) included in
the message are searched for the signing certificate. With this option
only the certificates specified in the \fB\-certfile\fR option are used.
The supplied certificates can still be used as untrusted CAs however.
.IP "\fB\-noverify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noverify"
Do not verify the signers certificate of a signed message.
.IP "\fB\-nocerts\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nocerts"
When signing a message the signer's certificate is normally included
with this option it is excluded. This will reduce the size of the
signed message but the verifier must have a copy of the signers certificate
available locally (passed using the \fB\-certfile\fR option for example).
.IP "\fB\-noattr\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noattr"
Normally when a message is signed a set of attributes are included which
include the signing time and supported symmetric algorithms. With this
option they are not included.
.IP "\fB\-nosmimecap\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nosmimecap"
Exclude the list of supported algorithms from signed attributes, other options
such as signing time and content type are still included.
.IP "\fB\-binary\fR" 4
.IX Item "-binary"
Normally the input message is converted to \*(L"canonical\*(R" format which is
effectively using \s-1CR\s0 and \s-1LF\s0 as end of line: as required by the S/MIME
specification. When this option is present no translation occurs. This
is useful when handling binary data which may not be in \s-1MIME\s0 format.
.IP "\fB\-crlfeol\fR" 4
.IX Item "-crlfeol"
Normally the output file uses a single \fB\s-1LF\s0\fR as end of line. When this
option is present \fB\s-1CRLF\s0\fR is used instead.
.IP "\fB\-asciicrlf\fR" 4
.IX Item "-asciicrlf"
When signing use \s-1ASCII CRLF\s0 format canonicalisation. This strips trailing
whitespace from all lines, deletes trailing blank lines at \s-1EOF\s0 and sets
the encapsulated content type. This option is normally used with detached
content and an output signature format of \s-1DER.\s0 This option is not normally
needed when verifying as it is enabled automatically if the encapsulated
content format is detected.
.IP "\fB\-nodetach\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nodetach"
When signing a message use opaque signing: this form is more resistant
to translation by mail relays but it cannot be read by mail agents that
do not support S/MIME.  Without this option cleartext signing with
the \s-1MIME\s0 type multipart/signed is used.
.IP "\fB\-certfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-certfile file"
Allows additional certificates to be specified. When signing these will
be included with the message. When verifying these will be searched for
the signers certificates. The certificates should be in \s-1PEM\s0 format.
.IP "\fB\-certsout file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-certsout file"
Any certificates contained in the message are written to \fBfile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-signer file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-signer file"
A signing certificate when signing or resigning a message, this option can be
used multiple times if more than one signer is required. If a message is being
verified then the signers certificates will be written to this file if the
verification was successful.
.IP "\fB\-recip file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-recip file"
When decrypting a message this specifies the recipients certificate. The
certificate must match one of the recipients of the message or an error
occurs.
.Sp
When encrypting a message this option may be used multiple times to specify
each recipient. This form \fBmust\fR be used if customised parameters are
required (for example to specify RSA-OAEP).
.Sp
Only certificates carrying \s-1RSA,\s0 Diffie-Hellman or \s-1EC\s0 keys are supported by this
option.
.IP "\fB\-keyid\fR" 4
.IX Item "-keyid"
Use subject key identifier to identify certificates instead of issuer name and
serial number. The supplied certificate \fBmust\fR include a subject key
identifier extension. Supported by \fB\-sign\fR and \fB\-encrypt\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-receipt_request_all\fR, \fB\-receipt_request_first\fR" 4
.IX Item "-receipt_request_all, -receipt_request_first"
For \fB\-sign\fR option include a signed receipt request. Indicate requests should
be provided by all recipient or first tier recipients (those mailed directly
and not from a mailing list). Ignored it \fB\-receipt_request_from\fR is included.
.IP "\fB\-receipt_request_from emailaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "-receipt_request_from emailaddress"
For \fB\-sign\fR option include a signed receipt request. Add an explicit email
address where receipts should be supplied.
.IP "\fB\-receipt_request_to emailaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "-receipt_request_to emailaddress"
Add an explicit email address where signed receipts should be sent to. This
option \fBmust\fR but supplied if a signed receipt it requested.
.IP "\fB\-receipt_request_print\fR" 4
.IX Item "-receipt_request_print"
For the \fB\-verify\fR operation print out the contents of any signed receipt
requests.
.IP "\fB\-secretkey key\fR" 4
.IX Item "-secretkey key"
Specify symmetric key to use. The key must be supplied in hex format and be
consistent with the algorithm used. Supported by the \fB\-EncryptedData_encrypt\fR
\&\fB\-EncryptedData_decrypt\fR, \fB\-encrypt\fR and \fB\-decrypt\fR options. When used
with \fB\-encrypt\fR or \fB\-decrypt\fR the supplied key is used to wrap or unwrap the
content encryption key using an \s-1AES\s0 key in the \fBKEKRecipientInfo\fR type.
.IP "\fB\-secretkeyid id\fR" 4
.IX Item "-secretkeyid id"
The key identifier for the supplied symmetric key for \fBKEKRecipientInfo\fR type.
This option \fBmust\fR be present if the \fB\-secretkey\fR option is used with
\&\fB\-encrypt\fR. With \fB\-decrypt\fR operations the \fBid\fR is used to locate the
relevant key if it is not supplied then an attempt is used to decrypt any
\&\fBKEKRecipientInfo\fR structures.
.IP "\fB\-econtent_type type\fR" 4
.IX Item "-econtent_type type"
Set the encapsulated content type to \fBtype\fR if not supplied the \fBData\fR type
is used. The \fBtype\fR argument can be any valid \s-1OID\s0 name in either text or
numerical format.
.IP "\fB\-inkey file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inkey file"
The private key to use when signing or decrypting. This must match the
corresponding certificate. If this option is not specified then the
private key must be included in the certificate file specified with
the \fB\-recip\fR or \fB\-signer\fR file. When signing this option can be used
multiple times to specify successive keys.
.IP "\fB\-keyopt name:opt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-keyopt name:opt"
For signing and encryption this option can be used multiple times to
set customised parameters for the preceding key or certificate. It can
currently be used to set RSA-PSS for signing, RSA-OAEP for encryption
or to modify default parameters for \s-1ECDH.\s0
.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
.IX Item "-passin arg"
The private key password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
.IP "\fB\-rand file...\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rand file..."
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
generator.
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for
all others.
.IP "[\fB\-writerand file\fR]" 4
.IX Item "[-writerand file]"
Writes random data to the specified \fIfile\fR upon exit.
This can be used with a subsequent \fB\-rand\fR flag.
.IP "\fBcert.pem...\fR" 4
.IX Item "cert.pem..."
One or more certificates of message recipients: used when encrypting
a message.
.IP "\fB\-to, \-from, \-subject\fR" 4
.IX Item "-to, -from, -subject"
The relevant mail headers. These are included outside the signed
portion of a message so they may be included manually. If signing
then many S/MIME mail clients check the signers certificate's email
address matches that specified in the From: address.
.IP "\fB\-attime\fR, \fB\-check_ss_sig\fR, \fB\-crl_check\fR, \fB\-crl_check_all\fR, \fB\-explicit_policy\fR, \fB\-extended_crl\fR, \fB\-ignore_critical\fR, \fB\-inhibit_any\fR, \fB\-inhibit_map\fR, \fB\-no_alt_chains\fR, \fB\-no_check_time\fR, \fB\-partial_chain\fR, \fB\-policy\fR, \fB\-policy_check\fR, \fB\-policy_print\fR, \fB\-purpose\fR, \fB\-suiteB_128\fR, \fB\-suiteB_128_only\fR, \fB\-suiteB_192\fR, \fB\-trusted_first\fR, \fB\-use_deltas\fR, \fB\-auth_level\fR, \fB\-verify_depth\fR, \fB\-verify_email\fR, \fB\-verify_hostname\fR, \fB\-verify_ip\fR, \fB\-verify_name\fR, \fB\-x509_strict\fR" 4
.IX Item "-attime, -check_ss_sig, -crl_check, -crl_check_all, -explicit_policy, -extended_crl, -ignore_critical, -inhibit_any, -inhibit_map, -no_alt_chains, -no_check_time, -partial_chain, -policy, -policy_check, -policy_print, -purpose, -suiteB_128, -suiteB_128_only, -suiteB_192, -trusted_first, -use_deltas, -auth_level, -verify_depth, -verify_email, -verify_hostname, -verify_ip, -verify_name, -x509_strict"
Set various certificate chain validation options. See the
\&\fBverify\fR\|(1) manual page for details.
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
The \s-1MIME\s0 message must be sent without any blank lines between the
headers and the output. Some mail programs will automatically add
a blank line. Piping the mail directly to sendmail is one way to
achieve the correct format.
.PP
The supplied message to be signed or encrypted must include the
necessary \s-1MIME\s0 headers or many S/MIME clients won't display it
properly (if at all). You can use the \fB\-text\fR option to automatically
add plain text headers.
.PP
A \*(L"signed and encrypted\*(R" message is one where a signed message is
then encrypted. This can be produced by encrypting an already signed
message: see the examples section.
.PP
This version of the program only allows one signer per message but it
will verify multiple signers on received messages. Some S/MIME clients
choke if a message contains multiple signers. It is possible to sign
messages \*(L"in parallel\*(R" by signing an already signed message.
.PP
The options \fB\-encrypt\fR and \fB\-decrypt\fR reflect common usage in S/MIME
clients. Strictly speaking these process \s-1CMS\s0 enveloped data: \s-1CMS\s0
encrypted data is used for other purposes.
.PP
The \fB\-resign\fR option uses an existing message digest when adding a new
signer. This means that attributes must be present in at least one existing
signer using the same message digest or this operation will fail.
.PP
The \fB\-stream\fR and \fB\-indef\fR options enable streaming I/O support.
As a result the encoding is \s-1BER\s0 using indefinite length constructed encoding
and no longer \s-1DER.\s0 Streaming is supported for the \fB\-encrypt\fR operation and the
\&\fB\-sign\fR operation if the content is not detached.
.PP
Streaming is always used for the \fB\-sign\fR operation with detached data but
since the content is no longer part of the \s-1CMS\s0 structure the encoding
remains \s-1DER.\s0
.PP
If the \fB\-decrypt\fR option is used without a recipient certificate then an
attempt is made to locate the recipient by trying each potential recipient
in turn using the supplied private key. To thwart the \s-1MMA\s0 attack
(Bleichenbacher's attack on \s-1PKCS\s0 #1 v1.5 \s-1RSA\s0 padding) all recipients are
tried whether they succeed or not and if no recipients match the message
is \*(L"decrypted\*(R" using a random key which will typically output garbage.
The \fB\-debug_decrypt\fR option can be used to disable the \s-1MMA\s0 attack protection
and return an error if no recipient can be found: this option should be used
with caution. For a fuller description see \fBCMS_decrypt\fR\|(3)).
.SH "EXIT CODES"
.IX Header "EXIT CODES"
.IP "0" 4
The operation was completely successfully.
.IP "1" 4
.IX Item "1"
An error occurred parsing the command options.
.IP "2" 4
.IX Item "2"
One of the input files could not be read.
.IP "3" 4
.IX Item "3"
An error occurred creating the \s-1CMS\s0 file or when reading the \s-1MIME\s0
message.
.IP "4" 4
.IX Item "4"
An error occurred decrypting or verifying the message.
.IP "5" 4
.IX Item "5"
The message was verified correctly but an error occurred writing out
the signers certificates.
.SH "COMPATIBILITY WITH PKCS#7 format."
.IX Header "COMPATIBILITY WITH PKCS#7 format."
The \fBsmime\fR utility can only process the older \fBPKCS#7\fR format. The \fBcms\fR
utility supports Cryptographic Message Syntax format. Use of some features
will result in messages which cannot be processed by applications which only
support the older format. These are detailed below.
.PP
The use of the \fB\-keyid\fR option with \fB\-sign\fR or \fB\-encrypt\fR.
.PP
The \fB\-outform \s-1PEM\s0\fR option uses different headers.
.PP
The \fB\-compress\fR option.
.PP
The \fB\-secretkey\fR option when used with \fB\-encrypt\fR.
.PP
The use of \s-1PSS\s0 with \fB\-sign\fR.
.PP
The use of \s-1OAEP\s0 or non-RSA keys with \fB\-encrypt\fR.
.PP
Additionally the \fB\-EncryptedData_create\fR and \fB\-data_create\fR type cannot
be processed by the older \fBsmime\fR command.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
Create a cleartext signed message:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create an opaque signed message
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \-nodetach \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create a signed message, include some additional certificates and
read the private key from another file:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in in.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem \-inkey mykey.pem \-certfile mycerts.pem
.Ve
.PP
Create a signed message with two signers, use key identifier:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem \-signer othercert.pem \-keyid
.Ve
.PP
Send a signed message under Unix directly to sendmail, including headers:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in in.txt \-text \-signer mycert.pem \e
\&        \-from steve@openssl.org \-to someone@somewhere \e
\&        \-subject "Signed message" | sendmail someone@somewhere
.Ve
.PP
Verify a message and extract the signer's certificate if successful:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-verify \-in mail.msg \-signer user.pem \-out signedtext.txt
.Ve
.PP
Send encrypted mail using triple \s-1DES:\s0
.PP
.Vb 3
\& openssl cms \-encrypt \-in in.txt \-from steve@openssl.org \e
\&        \-to someone@somewhere \-subject "Encrypted message" \e
\&        \-des3 user.pem \-out mail.msg
.Ve
.PP
Sign and encrypt mail:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in ml.txt \-signer my.pem \-text \e
\&        | openssl cms \-encrypt \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-from steve@openssl.org \-to someone@somewhere \e
\&        \-subject "Signed and Encrypted message" \-des3 user.pem
.Ve
.PP
Note: the encryption command does not include the \fB\-text\fR option because the
message being encrypted already has \s-1MIME\s0 headers.
.PP
Decrypt mail:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-decrypt \-in mail.msg \-recip mycert.pem \-inkey key.pem
.Ve
.PP
The output from Netscape form signing is a PKCS#7 structure with the
detached signature format. You can use this program to verify the
signature by line wrapping the base64 encoded structure and surrounding
it with:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PKCS7\-\-\-\-\-
\& \-\-\-\-\-END PKCS7\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
and using the command,
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-verify \-inform PEM \-in signature.pem \-content content.txt
.Ve
.PP
alternatively you can base64 decode the signature and use
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-verify \-inform DER \-in signature.der \-content content.txt
.Ve
.PP
Create an encrypted message using 128 bit Camellia:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-encrypt \-in plain.txt \-camellia128 \-out mail.msg cert.pem
.Ve
.PP
Add a signer to an existing message:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl cms \-resign \-in mail.msg \-signer newsign.pem \-out mail2.msg
.Ve
.PP
Sign mail using RSA-PSS:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-sign \-in message.txt \-text \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-signer mycert.pem \-keyopt rsa_padding_mode:pss
.Ve
.PP
Create encrypted mail using RSA-OAEP:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-encrypt \-in plain.txt \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-recip cert.pem \-keyopt rsa_padding_mode:oaep
.Ve
.PP
Use \s-1SHA256 KDF\s0 with an \s-1ECDH\s0 certificate:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl cms \-encrypt \-in plain.txt \-out mail.msg \e
\&        \-recip ecdhcert.pem \-keyopt ecdh_kdf_md:sha256
.Ve
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
The \s-1MIME\s0 parser isn't very clever: it seems to handle most messages that I've
thrown at it but it may choke on others.
.PP
The code currently will only write out the signer's certificate to a file: if
the signer has a separate encryption certificate this must be manually
extracted. There should be some heuristic that determines the correct
encryption certificate.
.PP
Ideally a database should be maintained of a certificates for each email
address.
.PP
The code doesn't currently take note of the permitted symmetric encryption
algorithms as supplied in the SMIMECapabilities signed attribute. this means the
user has to manually include the correct encryption algorithm. It should store
the list of permitted ciphers in a database and only use those.
.PP
No revocation checking is done on the signer's certificate.
.PP
The \fB\-binary\fR option does not work correctly when processing text input which
(contrary to the S/MIME specification) uses \s-1LF\s0 rather than \s-1CRLF\s0 line endings.
.SH "HISTORY"
.IX Header "HISTORY"
The use of multiple \fB\-signer\fR options and the \fB\-resign\fR command were first
added in OpenSSL 1.0.0.
.PP
The \fBkeyopt\fR option was added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
.PP
Support for RSA-OAEP and RSA-PSS was added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
.PP
The use of non-RSA keys with \fB\-encrypt\fR and \fB\-decrypt\fR
was added in OpenSSL 1.0.2.
.PP
The \-no_alt_chains option was added in OpenSSL 1.0.2b.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2008\-2022 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
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.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
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.    ds #H 0
.    ds #V .8m
.    ds #F .3m
.    ds #[ \f1
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.    ds #V .6m
.    ds #F 0
.    ds #[ \&
.    ds #] \&
.\}
.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds ' \&
.    ds ` \&
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.    ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
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.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
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\{\
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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "RSAUTL 1"
.TH RSAUTL 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-rsautl, rsautl \- RSA utility
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-in file\fR]
[\fB\-out file\fR]
[\fB\-inkey file\fR]
[\fB\-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE\fR]
[\fB\-pubin\fR]
[\fB\-certin\fR]
[\fB\-sign\fR]
[\fB\-verify\fR]
[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
[\fB\-pkcs\fR]
[\fB\-ssl\fR]
[\fB\-raw\fR]
[\fB\-hexdump\fR]
[\fB\-asn1parse\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBrsautl\fR command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt
data using the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
if this option is not specified.
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
default.
.IP "\fB\-inkey file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inkey file"
The input key file, by default it should be an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
.IP "\fB\-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE\fR" 4
.IX Item "-keyform PEM|DER|ENGINE"
The key format \s-1PEM, DER\s0 or \s-1ENGINE.\s0
.IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pubin"
The input file is an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
.IP "\fB\-certin\fR" 4
.IX Item "-certin"
The input is a certificate containing an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
.IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4
.IX Item "-sign"
Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires
an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify"
Verify the input data and output the recovered data.
.IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-encrypt"
Encrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
.IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
.IX Item "-decrypt"
Decrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
.IP "\fB\-rand file...\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rand file..."
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
generator.
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for
all others.
.IP "[\fB\-writerand file\fR]" 4
.IX Item "[-writerand file]"
Writes random data to the specified \fIfile\fR upon exit.
This can be used with a subsequent \fB\-rand\fR flag.
.IP "\fB\-pkcs, \-oaep, \-ssl, \-raw\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw"
The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 \s-1OAEP,\s0
special padding used in \s-1SSL\s0 v2 backwards compatible handshakes,
or no padding, respectively.
For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used.
.IP "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hexdump"
Hex dump the output data.
.IP "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4
.IX Item "-asn1parse"
Parse the \s-1ASN.1\s0 output data, this is useful when combined with the
\&\fB\-verify\fR option.
.SH "NOTES"
.IX Header "NOTES"
\&\fBrsautl\fR because it uses the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm directly can only be
used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
Sign some data using a private key:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig
.Ve
.PP
Recover the signed data
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem
.Ve
.PP
Examine the raw signed data:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem \-raw \-hexdump
\&
\& 0000 \- 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0010 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0020 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0030 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0040 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0050 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0060 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
\& 0070 \- ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c\-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64   .....hello world
.Ve
.PP
The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using
encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte)
and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
.PP
It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this
utility in conjunction with \fBasn1parse\fR. Consider the self signed
example in certs/pca\-cert.pem . Running \fBasn1parse\fR as follows yields:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem
\&
\&    0:d=0  hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
\&    4:d=1  hl=4 l= 591 cons:  SEQUENCE
\&    8:d=2  hl=2 l=   3 cons:   cont [ 0 ]
\&   10:d=3  hl=2 l=   1 prim:    INTEGER           :02
\&   13:d=2  hl=2 l=   1 prim:   INTEGER           :00
\&   16:d=2  hl=2 l=  13 cons:   SEQUENCE
\&   18:d=3  hl=2 l=   9 prim:    OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
\&   29:d=3  hl=2 l=   0 prim:    NULL
\&   31:d=2  hl=2 l=  92 cons:   SEQUENCE
\&   33:d=3  hl=2 l=  11 cons:    SET
\&   35:d=4  hl=2 l=   9 cons:     SEQUENCE
\&   37:d=5  hl=2 l=   3 prim:      OBJECT            :countryName
\&   42:d=5  hl=2 l=   2 prim:      PRINTABLESTRING   :AU
\&  ....
\&  599:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
\&  601:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
\&  612:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
\&  614:d=1  hl=3 l= 129 prim:  BIT STRING
.Ve
.PP
The final \s-1BIT STRING\s0 contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out sig \-noout \-strparse 614
.Ve
.PP
The certificate public key can be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl x509 \-in test/testx509.pem \-pubkey \-noout >pubkey.pem
.Ve
.PP
The signature can be analysed with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-in sig \-verify \-asn1parse \-inkey pubkey.pem \-pubin
\&
\&    0:d=0  hl=2 l=  32 cons: SEQUENCE
\&    2:d=1  hl=2 l=  12 cons:  SEQUENCE
\&    4:d=2  hl=2 l=   8 prim:   OBJECT            :md5
\&   14:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
\&   16:d=1  hl=2 l=  16 prim:  OCTET STRING
\&      0000 \- f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9\-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5   .F...Js.7...H%..
.Ve
.PP
This is the parsed version of an \s-1ASN1\s0 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that
the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out tbs \-noout \-strparse 4
.Ve
.PP
and its digest computed with:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl md5 \-c tbs
\& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
.Ve
.PP
which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBdgst\fR\|(1), \fBrsa\fR\|(1), \fBgenrsa\fR\|(1)
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.tr \(*W-
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
.ie n \{\
.    ds -- \(*W-
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.el\{\
.    ds -- \|\(em\|
.    ds PI \(*p
.    ds L" ``
.    ds R" ''
.    ds C`
.    ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
.    if \nF \{\
.        de IX
.        tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
.        if !\nF==2 \{\
.            nr % 0
.            nr F 2
.        \}
.    \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\"
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds #H 0
.    ds #V .8m
.    ds #F .3m
.    ds #[ \f1
.    ds #] \fP
.\}
.if t \{\
.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
.    ds #V .6m
.    ds #F 0
.    ds #[ \&
.    ds #] \&
.\}
.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
.if n \{\
.    ds ' \&
.    ds ` \&
.    ds ^ \&
.    ds , \&
.    ds ~ ~
.    ds /
.\}
.if t \{\
.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
.\}
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
.    \" corrections for vroff
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
\{\
.    ds : e
.    ds 8 ss
.    ds o a
.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
.    ds th \o'bp'
.    ds Th \o'LP'
.    ds ae ae
.    ds Ae AE
.\}
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "S_CLIENT 1"
.TH S_CLIENT 1 "2023-09-11" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
openssl\-s_client, s_client \- SSL/TLS client program
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBs_client\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-connect host:port\fR]
[\fB\-bind host:port\fR]
[\fB\-proxy host:port\fR]
[\fB\-unix path\fR]
[\fB\-4\fR]
[\fB\-6\fR]
[\fB\-servername name\fR]
[\fB\-noservername\fR]
[\fB\-verify depth\fR]
[\fB\-verify_return_error\fR]
[\fB\-cert filename\fR]
[\fB\-certform DER|PEM\fR]
[\fB\-key filename\fR]
[\fB\-keyform DER|PEM\fR]
[\fB\-cert_chain filename\fR]
[\fB\-build_chain\fR]
[\fB\-xkey\fR]
[\fB\-xcert\fR]
[\fB\-xchain\fR]
[\fB\-xchain_build\fR]
[\fB\-xcertform PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-xkeyform PEM|DER\fR]
[\fB\-pass arg\fR]
[\fB\-CApath directory\fR]
[\fB\-CAfile filename\fR]
[\fB\-chainCApath directory\fR]
[\fB\-chainCAfile filename\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR]
[\fB\-no\-CApath\fR]
[\fB\-requestCAfile filename\fR]
[\fB\-dane_tlsa_domain domain\fR]
[\fB\-dane_tlsa_rrdata rrdata\fR]
[\fB\-dane_ee_no_namechecks\fR]
[\fB\-attime timestamp\fR]
[\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check\fR]
[\fB\-crl_check_all\fR]
[\fB\-explicit_policy\fR]
[\fB\-extended_crl\fR]
[\fB\-ignore_critical\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_any\fR]
[\fB\-inhibit_map\fR]
[\fB\-no_check_time\fR]
[\fB\-partial_chain\fR]
[\fB\-policy arg\fR]
[\fB\-policy_check\fR]
[\fB\-policy_print\fR]
[\fB\-purpose purpose\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_128_only\fR]
[\fB\-suiteB_192\fR]
[\fB\-trusted_first\fR]
[\fB\-no_alt_chains\fR]
[\fB\-use_deltas\fR]
[\fB\-auth_level num\fR]
[\fB\-nameopt option\fR]
[\fB\-verify_depth num\fR]
[\fB\-verify_email email\fR]
[\fB\-verify_hostname hostname\fR]
[\fB\-verify_ip ip\fR]
[\fB\-verify_name name\fR]
[\fB\-build_chain\fR]
[\fB\-x509_strict\fR]
[\fB\-reconnect\fR]
[\fB\-showcerts\fR]
[\fB\-debug\fR]
[\fB\-msg\fR]
[\fB\-nbio_test\fR]
[\fB\-state\fR]
[\fB\-nbio\fR]
[\fB\-crlf\fR]
[\fB\-ign_eof\fR]
[\fB\-no_ign_eof\fR]
[\fB\-psk_identity identity\fR]
[\fB\-psk key\fR]
[\fB\-psk_session file\fR]
[\fB\-quiet\fR]
[\fB\-ssl3\fR]
[\fB\-tls1\fR]
[\fB\-tls1_1\fR]
[\fB\-tls1_2\fR]
[\fB\-tls1_3\fR]
[\fB\-no_ssl3\fR]
[\fB\-no_tls1\fR]
[\fB\-no_tls1_1\fR]
[\fB\-no_tls1_2\fR]
[\fB\-no_tls1_3\fR]
[\fB\-dtls\fR]
[\fB\-dtls1\fR]
[\fB\-dtls1_2\fR]
[\fB\-sctp\fR]
[\fB\-sctp_label_bug\fR]
[\fB\-fallback_scsv\fR]
[\fB\-async\fR]
[\fB\-max_send_frag\fR]
[\fB\-split_send_frag\fR]
[\fB\-max_pipelines\fR]
[\fB\-read_buf\fR]
[\fB\-bugs\fR]
[\fB\-comp\fR]
[\fB\-no_comp\fR]
[\fB\-allow_no_dhe_kex\fR]
[\fB\-sigalgs sigalglist\fR]
[\fB\-curves curvelist\fR]
[\fB\-cipher cipherlist\fR]
[\fB\-ciphersuites val\fR]
[\fB\-serverpref\fR]
[\fB\-starttls protocol\fR]
[\fB\-xmpphost hostname\fR]
[\fB\-name hostname\fR]
[\fB\-engine id\fR]
[\fB\-tlsextdebug\fR]
[\fB\-no_ticket\fR]
[\fB\-sess_out filename\fR]
[\fB\-sess_in filename\fR]
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
[\fB\-serverinfo types\fR]
[\fB\-status\fR]
[\fB\-alpn protocols\fR]
[\fB\-nextprotoneg protocols\fR]
[\fB\-ct\fR]
[\fB\-noct\fR]
[\fB\-ctlogfile\fR]
[\fB\-keylogfile file\fR]
[\fB\-early_data file\fR]
[\fB\-enable_pha\fR]
[\fBtarget\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBs_client\fR command implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 client which connects
to a remote host using \s-1SSL/TLS.\s0 It is a \fIvery\fR useful diagnostic tool for
\&\s-1SSL\s0 servers.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
In addition to the options below the \fBs_client\fR utility also supports the
common and client only options documented
in the \*(L"Supported Command Line Commands\*(R" section of the \fBSSL_CONF_cmd\fR\|(3)
manual page.
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-connect host:port\fR" 4
.IX Item "-connect host:port"
This specifies the host and optional port to connect to. It is possible to
select the host and port using the optional target positional argument instead.
If neither this nor the target positional argument are specified then an attempt
is made to connect to the local host on port 4433.
.IP "\fB\-bind host:port\fR]" 4
.IX Item "-bind host:port]"
This specifies the host address and or port to bind as the source for the
connection.  For Unix-domain sockets the port is ignored and the host is
used as the source socket address.
.IP "\fB\-proxy host:port\fR" 4
.IX Item "-proxy host:port"
When used with the \fB\-connect\fR flag, the program uses the host and port
specified with this flag and issues an \s-1HTTP CONNECT\s0 command to connect
to the desired server.
.IP "\fB\-unix path\fR" 4
.IX Item "-unix path"
Connect over the specified Unix-domain socket.
.IP "\fB\-4\fR" 4
.IX Item "-4"
Use IPv4 only.
.IP "\fB\-6\fR" 4
.IX Item "-6"
Use IPv6 only.
.IP "\fB\-servername name\fR" 4
.IX Item "-servername name"
Set the \s-1TLS SNI\s0 (Server Name Indication) extension in the ClientHello message to
the given value. 
If \fB\-servername\fR is not provided, the \s-1TLS SNI\s0 extension will be populated with 
the name given to \fB\-connect\fR if it follows a \s-1DNS\s0 name format. If \fB\-connect\fR is 
not provided either, the \s-1SNI\s0 is set to \*(L"localhost\*(R".
This is the default since OpenSSL 1.1.1.
.Sp
Even though \s-1SNI\s0 should normally be a \s-1DNS\s0 name and not an \s-1IP\s0 address, if 
\&\fB\-servername\fR is provided then that name will be sent, regardless of whether 
it is a \s-1DNS\s0 name or not.
.Sp
This option cannot be used in conjunction with \fB\-noservername\fR.
.IP "\fB\-noservername\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noservername"
Suppresses sending of the \s-1SNI\s0 (Server Name Indication) extension in the
ClientHello message. Cannot be used in conjunction with the \fB\-servername\fR or
<\-dane_tlsa_domain> options.
.IP "\fB\-cert certname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cert certname"
The certificate to use, if one is requested by the server. The default is
not to use a certificate.
.IP "\fB\-certform format\fR" 4
.IX Item "-certform format"
The certificate format to use: \s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM. PEM\s0 is the default.
.IP "\fB\-key keyfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-key keyfile"
The private key to use. If not specified then the certificate file will
be used.
.IP "\fB\-keyform format\fR" 4
.IX Item "-keyform format"
The private format to use: \s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM. PEM\s0 is the default.
.IP "\fB\-cert_chain\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cert_chain"
A file containing trusted certificates to use when attempting to build the
client/server certificate chain related to the certificate specified via the
\&\fB\-cert\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-build_chain\fR" 4
.IX Item "-build_chain"
Specify whether the application should build the certificate chain to be
provided to the server.
.IP "\fB\-xkey infile\fR, \fB\-xcert infile\fR, \fB\-xchain\fR" 4
.IX Item "-xkey infile, -xcert infile, -xchain"
Specify an extra certificate, private key and certificate chain. These behave
in the same manner as the \fB\-cert\fR, \fB\-key\fR and \fB\-cert_chain\fR options.  When
specified, the callback returning the first valid chain will be in use by the
client.
.IP "\fB\-xchain_build\fR" 4
.IX Item "-xchain_build"
Specify whether the application should build the certificate chain to be
provided to the server for the extra certificates provided via \fB\-xkey infile\fR,
\&\fB\-xcert infile\fR, \fB\-xchain\fR options.
.IP "\fB\-xcertform PEM|DER\fR, \fB\-xkeyform PEM|DER\fR" 4
.IX Item "-xcertform PEM|DER, -xkeyform PEM|DER"
Extra certificate and private key format respectively.
.IP "\fB\-pass arg\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pass arg"
the private key password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
.IP "\fB\-verify depth\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify depth"
The verify depth to use. This specifies the maximum length of the
server certificate chain and turns on server certificate verification.
Currently the verify operation continues after errors so all the problems
with a certificate chain can be seen. As a side effect the connection
will never fail due to a server certificate verify failure.
.IP "\fB\-verify_return_error\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verify_return_error"
Return verification errors instead of continuing. This will typically
abort the handshake with a fatal error.
.IP "\fB\-nameopt option\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nameopt option"
Option which determines how the subject or issuer names are displayed. The
\&\fBoption\fR argument can be a single option or multiple options separated by
commas.  Alternatively the \fB\-nameopt\fR switch may be used more than once to
set multiple options. See the \fBx509\fR\|(1) manual page for details.
.IP "\fB\-CApath directory\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CApath directory"
The directory to use for server certificate verification. This directory
must be in \*(L"hash format\*(R", see \fBverify\fR\|(1) for more information. These are
also used when building the client certificate chain.
.IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-CAfile file"
A file containing trusted certificates to use during server authentication
and to use when attempting to build the client certificate chain.
.IP "\fB\-chainCApath directory\fR" 4
.IX Item "-chainCApath directory"
The directory to use for building the chain provided to the server. This
directory must be in \*(L"hash format\*(R", see \fBverify\fR\|(1) for more information.
.IP "\fB\-chainCAfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-chainCAfile file"
A file containing trusted certificates to use when attempting to build the
client certificate chain.
.IP "\fB\-no\-CAfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CAfile"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default file location
.IP "\fB\-no\-CApath\fR" 4
.IX Item "-no-CApath"
Do not load the trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates from the default directory location
.IP "\fB\-requestCAfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-requestCAfile file"
A file containing a list of certificates whose subject names will be sent
to the server in the \fBcertificate_authorities\fR extension. Only supported
for \s-1TLS 1.3\s0
.IP "\fB\-dane_tlsa_domain domain\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dane_tlsa_domain domain"
Enable \s-1RFC6698/RFC7671 DANE TLSA\s0 authentication and specify the
\&\s-1TLSA\s0 base domain which becomes the default \s-1SNI\s0 hint and the primary
reference identifier for hostname checks.  This must be used in
combination with at least one instance of the \fB\-dane_tlsa_rrdata\fR
option below.
.Sp
When \s-1DANE\s0 authentication succeeds, the diagnostic output will include
the lowest (closest to 0) depth at which a \s-1TLSA\s0 record authenticated
a chain certificate.  When that \s-1TLSA\s0 record is a \*(L"2 1 0\*(R" trust
anchor public key that signed (rather than matched) the top-most
certificate of the chain, the result is reported as \*(L"\s-1TA\s0 public key
verified\*(R".  Otherwise, either the \s-1TLSA\s0 record \*(L"matched \s-1TA\s0 certificate\*(R"
at a positive depth or else \*(L"matched \s-1EE\s0 certificate\*(R" at depth 0.
.IP "\fB\-dane_tlsa_rrdata rrdata\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dane_tlsa_rrdata rrdata"
Use one or more times to specify the \s-1RRDATA\s0 fields of the \s-1DANE TLSA\s0
RRset associated with the target service.  The \fBrrdata\fR value is
specified in \*(L"presentation form\*(R", that is four whitespace separated
fields that specify the usage, selector, matching type and associated
data, with the last of these encoded in hexadecimal.  Optional
whitespace is ignored in the associated data field.  For example:
.Sp
.Vb 12
\&  $ openssl s_client \-brief \-starttls smtp \e
\&    \-connect smtp.example.com:25 \e
\&    \-dane_tlsa_domain smtp.example.com \e
\&    \-dane_tlsa_rrdata "2 1 1
\&      B111DD8A1C2091A89BD4FD60C57F0716CCE50FEEFF8137CDBEE0326E 02CF362B" \e
\&    \-dane_tlsa_rrdata "2 1 1
\&      60B87575447DCBA2A36B7D11AC09FB24A9DB406FEE12D2CC90180517 616E8A18"
\&  ...
\&  Verification: OK
\&  Verified peername: smtp.example.com
\&  DANE TLSA 2 1 1 ...ee12d2cc90180517616e8a18 matched TA certificate at depth 1
\&  ...
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-dane_ee_no_namechecks\fR" 4
.IX Item "-dane_ee_no_namechecks"
This disables server name checks when authenticating via \s-1\fBDANE\-EE\s0\fR\|(3) \s-1TLSA\s0
records.
For some applications, primarily web browsers, it is not safe to disable name
checks due to \*(L"unknown key share\*(R" attacks, in which a malicious server can
convince a client that a connection to a victim server is instead a secure
connection to the malicious server.
The malicious server may then be able to violate cross-origin scripting
restrictions.
Thus, despite the text of \s-1RFC7671,\s0 name checks are by default enabled for
\&\s-1\fBDANE\-EE\s